1783-1820+Timeline

__** The Who **__ Benjamin Franklin Analysis: Benjamin Frankilin was one of the founding fathers of the United States. He was also a famous inventor and scientist. One of his discoverys being was his proof that lightning is electricity flying a kite in during a storm. He was know as an intelligent and generous man. When he died on April 17, 1790 people mourned for his death and named citys, streets, after Benjamin Franklin.
 * Received Honary Degrees from Harvard and Yale
 * Elected as Pennsylvania delegate
 * Served on the committee of five who draft the declaration of Independence

John Adam Analysis: John Adam was an American Founding Father. Hailing from New England Adams was a lawyer and public figure in Boston. He was a federalist, was highly influential and one of the key founding fathers. He helped to persuade congress to declare independence. He was also a good judge of character, he nominated George Washington to be Commander in Chief.

BF: Alexander Hamilton Analysis: Alexander Hamilton was an important figure for many reasons. One being he was a soldier who fought for the independence of our country, but he is mostly known for being the first U.S Secretary of the Treasury, one of the leaders for the nations first political parties, the Federalist, and also for his economic plan called Hamiltons Financial Plan which set our nations economics up for what it has now become. His death was also memorable in U.S history because he was killed in a duel against Aaron Barr, the vice president.
 * He was the second president of the United States
 * Was a delegate from Massuchusetts
 * Wrote Massuchusetts state Constitution

Facts:
 * 1777- He became a liuetinant Colonel for the Continental Army, and was George Washingtons right hand man (advisor), writing letters, and reports for Washington
 * 1789- Was elected Treasurer
 * July 11, 1804- Dueled Aaron Barr (V.P) and was shot and wounded; he died the next afternoon

Andrew Jackson

Andrew Jackson’s most significant achievements within the timeline are during his time serving in the military. Appointed general in 1802, Jackson fought many important wars and battles, the most prominent of which being the War of 1812. During the war, when the British threatened New Orleans, Jackson commanded a defense against the British. The Battle of New Orleans was fought and won by U.S. troops led by Jackson. Later, he became a national hero because of it, eventually leading to his presidency.
 * Nicknamed “Old Hickory” for being tough on the battlefield
 * Jackson led his troops out of the battle with minor casualties

BF: Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson was an important figure in U.S history for many reasons. One big reason being that hje wrote the Declaration of Independence, which officially declared the independence of our country. Other reasons for his importance were that he was a member of the House of Burgesses, and the Continental Congress which set up the system of government we have today. Also for the Purchase of the Lousiana territory, which gave us a huge chunck of North America, and Serving as president of the United States.

Facts:


 * 1803- Lousiana Purchase was concluded
 * 1776-Draffted Declaration of Indepedence
 * 1768-Elected to House of Burgesses

George Washington Analysis: George Washington is one of the most important and influential figures of this period. He was the first president of the United States and set precedents for all other presidents to come. Even before the U.S. was established, he was Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army against the British and led the nation to victory. Universally regarded as the “Father of his Country”, George Washington was a major key component in the creation of the United States
 * In Office 1789-1797
 * Commander of Continental Army 1775-1783
 * Farewell Address warned against foreign policy, political parties, and sectionalism

John Marshall- John Marshall was a Chief Justice of the United States. He served the longest amount of time (over 3 decades) as Chief Justice and laid the foundation for American Constitutional Law. He helped to make the Judiciary Branch equal with the Legislative and Executive Branches. Before Marshall, the court system was bullied by political parties. decisions such as Marbury vs. Madison, McCullough vs. Maryland, and Gibbons vs. Ogden.
 * Chief Justice from 1801-1835
 * Served in the United States House of Representatives from 1799 to 1800
 * Secretary of State under President John Adams from 1800 to 1801

__[|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marshall#McCulloch_v._Maryland]__ - Written by Wikipedia. I used Wikipedia to find the Supreme Court cases that John Marshall presided over. (Taylor)

Patrick Henry- Patrick Henry was a founding father who remains amongst the ranks of Thomas Paine and Samuel Adams. However, that was before 1783. During the time period 1783-1820, Patrick Henry was an influential Anti-Federalist and was a leader of the political movement. He strongly rallied against the Constitution and even voted against ratification. Although he is more known for his time before and during the American Revolution, he was still very influential in the late 1700’s before he died in 1799. []- Written by Wikipedia. I used Wikipedia to find out Patrick Henry's contribution to American history. (Taylor)
 * Governor of Virginia from 1776 to 1779 and from 1784 to 1786
 * President George Washington offered Henry the post of Secretary of State in 1795, but he delcined due to his Anti-Federalist beliefs


 * James Madison **
 * __Fourth President 1809 - 1817__**
 * James Madison was not only the 4th President of the United States, but also an extremely important founding father who was one of the framers of the US Constitution, served as a member in the Continental Congress, and represented his state in the Virginia Assembly. He made an extremely important impact on the US Constitution through his Federalist Essays, in which he wrote clear expositions on Federalism and advocated checks and balances. Madison made an enormous impact on the foundation of the US through these essays and the constitution, which helped set up the federal government that is still in power today.**
 * **Collaborated with John Jay and Alexander Hamilton to write the Federalist Papers in 1788.**
 * **After drafting the first 10 constitutional ammendments became known as the “Father of the Bill of Rights”.**
 * **Founder of the Democratic Republican Party along with Jefferson.**
 * **In protest to the Alien and Sedition Acts co-authored the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions in 1798.**
 * **Involved in the supreme court case Marbury vs. Madison which is important for establishing the power of Judicial Review.**


 * []
 * []
 * I used Wikipedia to find which of the Federalist Papers Madison wrote and I used the White House website for some info on Madison that had the biggest impact on US history. (Holt)**

> >
 * Meriwether Lewis and William Clark **
 * Lewis and Clark led the Corps of Discovery Expedition to discover the territory the Thomas Jefferson had acquired for the US in the Louisiana Purchase. They made many significant discoveries about the Native Americans, the geography, and the wildlife of this new wilderness. Their expedition was an important factor in the expansion of the US and showed that a coast to coast nation was possible.**
 * **Made the first US expedition to the Pacific Ocean from 1804 to 1806 in search of the Northwest Passage.**
 * **Gained an immense knowledge of the region, natives, and wildlife.**

[] I used Wikipedia to better understand the long term impacts of Lewis and Clark. (Holt)

__**Events Timeline**__

Shays Rebellion 5 Things that influenced: Analaysis:
 * Economic Stress
 * Veterans Protested
 * Revolts
 * Previous Revolutions
 * Debt

The Constution ( September 17, 1787): 5 Things that influenced that developement-
 * The Articles of Confederation
 * Shay’s Rebellion
 * The Constitutional Convention
 * Federalist Views and Anti federalist Views
 * Eleven States Ratify the Constitution

Analysis
 * It is important because ever since the Constitution was created, it has been used. The Constitution stuck as being the “Supreme Law of the Land” and all laws are based on the Constitution.
 * The Constitution shaped all of America and our laws and rules. Although it has been amended several times, the original Constitution remains the same as when the Framers originally wrote it.



<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline;">__[]__ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Written by Wikipedia. I used Wikipedia to find the events leading up to the Constitution and how many states ratified the Constitution. (Taylor)

Northwest Ordinance Facts This event is important not only because it set up a way for new states to be added to the nation but it established the precedent that the nation is going to expand westward and eventually become the United States that we know today.
 * 1763 Treaty of Paris: Britain gets Ohio country
 * Proclamation of 1763: No colonial settlement west of the Appalachins
 * 1783 Treaty of Paris: American independence from britain
 * U.S. Constitution: American government, including Congress.
 * Land Ordinance of 1784: set up a way for settlement to be allowed in the northwestern territories
 * This created a way for new states to be created in the west
 * Also set the precedent for U.S. expansion in to the west

__Work Cited__ []

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">sources: zach: [] [] [] []


 * Whiskey Rebellion 1789 **


 * **Farmers who sold grain as whiskey were heavily taxed under Hamilton’s new economic plan.**
 * **Protestors used violence on the frontiers to prevent this tax being collected**
 * **500 men attacked the home of John Neville, a tax inspector**
 * **Washington** **went to confront the rebels with a 15000 man army**
 * **All of the rebels disbanded**


 * Analysis**


 * The Whisky Rebellion is one example of the newfound power that the federal government had under the Constitution. Washington efficiently mobilized an army, which was unheard of during the articles of confederation, and used the authority of the government to squash the rebellion.**

[] Holt source was used to find info on causes

BF: Hamiltons Financial Plan 5 things that influenced:
 * 1) Revolutionary war debts
 * 2) Peoples distrust in a central government
 * 3) Dependence on agricultural exports to pay for Manufactured Goods
 * 4) No competition from American Manufactures with the European Manufactures
 * 5) Difficulties of interstate commerce due to different policies and different currencies

Analysis: The formation and adoption of Hamilton's Financial Plan played a huge role in U.S history, because before it was ratified our nations economy had no real structure. Interstate commerce was nearly impossible due to high tarrifs and different currencies, American Manufactures were not competing with the European manufactures, and the nation was in debt because of the Revolutionary war. But this plan made interstate commerce easier with the formation of the bank and one currency, and put tarrifs on European goods to make our country begin to make things on our own better, and created trust from citizens towards the government because the government payed off the states war debts. Which has set our economy up to what it is today. Alien and Sedition Acts 5 Things that influenced:
 * French Revolutions Reign of Terror
 * Quasi-War
 * Refusal to Enforce Laws
 * French Immigrants
 * Threat of Anarchy

Analysis: The Alien and Sedition Acts were four bills passed in 1798 by the Federalists in the United States Congress—which was waging an undeclared naval war with France, later known as the Quasi-War and signed into law by President John Adams. Proponents claimed the acts were designed to protect the United States from alien citizens of enemy powers and to stop seditious attacks from weakening the government.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Marbury vs. Madison (February 24, 1803) : 5 things that influenced the development- <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Analysis <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline;">__[]__ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Written by Wikipedia. I used Wikipedia to find the prior events leading up to Marbury vs. Madison (Taylor)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Thomas Jefferson was elected President o the United States over John Adams in1800.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1801.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Adams appointed 16 Federalist circuit judges and 42 Federalist justices of the peace, called “Midnight Judges”, on March 3, 1801, right before his term was to end.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Jefferson ordered Levi Lincoln to not deliver the appointment of Marbury, one of the “Midnight Judges”.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Marbury filed a claim in the Supreme Court.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Judicial Review was created and formalized from Marbury vs. Madison. The Supreme Court had to decide whether or not Congress could expand the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court according to the Constitution.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Marbury vs. Madison created the principle of Judicial Review. This principal has strengthened the power of the Supreme Court ever since the case itself. Finally, the Supreme Court gained equal standing with Legislative and Executive branches and ever since, the Judiciary Branch has played a large role in American history through cases like Brown vs. Board of Education, Miranda vs. Arizona, and Plessy vs. Ferguson.

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

5 events
 * Seven Years War (1863): Spain gains control of territory west of Mississippi
 * Pickney’s Treaty (1795): Gave Americans right of deposit in New Orleans by the Spanish.
 * Treaty of San Ildefonso (1800): Napoleon’s purchase of Louisiana by French from Spain.
 * Slave revolutions in Saint-Domingue: Napoleon failing to maintain order causes him to give up on France’s New World Empire.
 * Louisiana Purchase Treaty (1803): Expecting to negotiate the purchase of New Orleans from France, U.S. is surprised when Napoleon sells the entire territory for 15 million (3 cents an acre)

Facts
 * Doubled U.S. territory
 * Though it was against his political views of strict interpretation, President Thomas Jefferson allowed the purchase

This event influenced U.S. western expansion. It was the first of many expansions that eventually leads to the 50 United States that we have today




 * War of 1812 **
 * __Fought between the US and the British Empire from 1812 to 1815__**


 * __5 things that influenced its development__**
 * **British restrictions on American trade with France**
 * **British practice of impressment of American sailors into the Royal Navy**
 * **British support of Indian confederations to block American expansion**
 * **Conflict started on June 18, 1812 and was the first time that the United States had ever declared war on another nation.**
 * **American expansion westward was being blocked by Indian leaders like Tecumseh**


 * Analysis**
 * The war of 1812 was fought when tensions between the US and Britain boiled over. America declared war for many reasons. Economic restrictions due to Britain’s war with France, British impressment of American sailors into the royal navy, and British support for Indian confederacies in the Midwest were all factors that led to war being declared. Eventually America repelled British advances after the fighting had been going on for a while. Even though the British took control of Washington D.C. and burnt the White House they lost the war and suffered a crushing defeat at the hand of Andrew Jackson at the end of it. The US won the war and the patriotism it fostered led to a non partisan “Era of Good Feelings”. It also eventually strengthened ties between the US and Britain.**

[|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_1812#Trade_with_France] I used Wikipedia to help find out the causes of the War. Holt

BF: Adams-Onis Treaty 5 things that influenced: >
 * 1) The Louisiana Purchase
 * 2) Tention between Spain and the U.S over territorial boundaries
 * 3) The Monroe Doctrine
 * 4) Jacksons Battle with the Seminole Indians in Florida
 * 5) Boundary disputes along the Sabine River in Texas

Analysis: The Adams-Onis treaty is one of the U.S's major diplomacy victories for many reasons. One of the big reasons is because it gave us Florida, which gave us the whole east coast, getting us on step closer to obtaining all of the land in America. This treaty also settle an ongoing land dispute between Spain and the U.S over the Sabine River in Texas.

Work Cited:BF http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93On%C3%ADs_Treaty http://www.notablebiographies.com/Gi-He/Hamilton-Alexander.html#b http://www.ushistory.org/us/18b.asp www.history-timelines.org.uk/american-timelines/thomas-jefferson-timeline.htm